TCPO was set up in 1962 with the merger of the erstwhile Town Planning Organization (TPO) and Central Regional and Urban Planning Organization (CRUPO). TPO was set up by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1955 to formulate the First Master Plan for Delhi, while CRUPO was tasked with evolving a plan for Delhi Region and advise on the Development of Steel Towns, River Valley Projects etc. Since 1962, TCPO has been functioning as a technical wing of the Ministry of Urban Development.

The Organization is headed by Shri J.B. Kshirsagar. Dr. Ashok Singhvi, IAS, Joint Secretary (UD) is the ex- officio Chairman of the Organization.